BoE’s Breeden: Iran war raises the odds of market stresses combining
Bank of England Deputy Governor Sarah Breeden said in a program in the United States (US) during the European trading session on Friday that the ongoing war in the Middle East has raised the odds of market stresses combining. Breden also said, “The vulnerabilities that have preceded past crises have not disappeared. They have re-emerged elsewhere. Across private markets, government bond markets, and in stretched valuations, you can hear the familiar echoes of leverage, complexity, concentration, and opacity. If some of these crystallize simultaneously, we may be in for a rocky ride.”
Market reaction
No response observed by the Pound Sterling (GBP) after BoE Breeden's remarks. GBP/USD trades in a limited range around 1.3530 since the opening.
BoE FAQs
The Bank of England (BoE) decides monetary policy for the United Kingdom. Its primary goal is to achieve ‘price stability’, or a steady inflation rate of 2%. Its tool for achieving this is via the adjustment of base lending rates. The BoE sets the rate at which it lends to commercial banks and banks lend to each other, determining the level of interest rates in the economy overall. This also impacts the value of the Pound Sterling (GBP).
When inflation is above the Bank of England’s target it responds by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is positive for the Pound Sterling because higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls below target, it is a sign economic growth is slowing, and the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit in the hope businesses will borrow to invest in growth-generating projects – a negative for the Pound Sterling.
In extreme situations, the Bank of England can enact a policy called Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the BoE substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. QE is a last resort policy when lowering interest rates will not achieve the necessary result. The process of QE involves the BoE printing money to buy assets – usually government or AAA-rated corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Pound Sterling.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE, enacted when the economy is strengthening and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the Bank of England (BoE) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to encourage them to lend; in QT, the BoE stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive for the Pound Sterling.
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