Australian Dollar weakens as safe-haven demand lifts US Dollar
- AUD/USD holds losses as US Dollar safe-haven demand rises amid heightened US-Iran tensions and Strait of Hormuz risks.
- A surprising decline of 23,000 Nonfarm Payrolls in July curbed hopes for an immediate interest rate increase by the Fed.
- RBA is widely expected to keep its cash rate unchanged at 4.35% on Tuesday.
AUD/USD inches lower after registering modest gains in the previous day, trading around 0.7060 during the Asian hours on Monday. The pair holds losses as the US Dollar (USD) receives support from broad risk aversion.
Geopolitical tensions remain high as the ongoing United States (US)-Iran conflict enters a critical diplomatic phase, with intense military engagements and strategic pressure surrounding the Strait of Hormuz driving market caution. Although Iranian officials noted on Sunday that Oman-mediated negotiations regarding the management of the strait are making progress, safe-haven demand for the Greenback remains firmly intact.
Weaker-than-expected US employment data has dampened expectations for a near-term Federal Reserve (Fed) rate hike. Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) unexpectedly dropped by 23,000 in July, while sharp downward revisions to the previous two months highlighted weakening labor market conditions. Investors are now focused on upcoming inflation reports for further clues on monetary policy.
Traders look ahead to the Reserve Bank of Australia’s (RBA) monetary policy decision on Tuesday. The central bank is widely expected to keep its cash rate unchanged at 4.35% for a second straight meeting. Traders will closely watch the RBA’s updated forecasts and Governor Michele Bullock’s comments for clues on the future policy path.
Rabo sees November RBA risk keeping modest upside bias in AUD/USD
Strategists at Rabobank note that, in their view, there is still “risk of one more rate hike this year in November,” with markets likely to look to the RBA’s 11 August policy meeting for “more clarity on rate hike risks.” Against this backdrop, the bank says it continues to “forecast a modest upside bias in AUD/USD out to 12 months,” a view it anchors “mostly on the back of a moderately softer tone in the USD and the view that Fed rate hike expectations are overdone.”
Australian Dollar FAQs
One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive.
China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs.
Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD.
The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.
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